	Injuries & Treatments
	Musculoskeletal injuries & treatment

Muscle Injuries	Signs & Symptoms	Treatments & Precautions
Fracture	Swelling. Bruising. Unbearable or intense pain, especially on movement. Audible sounds at the tie of injury. Inability to bear weight on the limb. Abnormal position of the injured limb. Discoloration. Pain to the touch.	Keep the victim quiet, donot allow them to move the injured. Remove or cut way clothing that covers injury. Cover open fracture with sterile gauze dressing or cloth to prevent further contamination. apply gentle pressure on injury area to stop bleeding. Leave the protruding ends of bone where they are, attempting to push them in place will increase risk of infection. It is important to immobilize the injured part till you get medical help. Use splinting techniques to immobilize.

Strain	Pain Restricted motion. Swelling. Weakness of that part.	Rest. Apply ICE. Compress the affected area. Elevate it above heart level. Consult physician immediately.

Sprain	Severe pain. Swelling Restricted motion.	Rest. Apply ICE. Compress the affected area. Elevate it above heart level. Consult physician immediately.

Doms ( muscle stiffness after 24 hrs of first exercise session)	Muscle stiffness. Tenderness. Pain. Tightness during motion.	Take steam-bath session. Stretch after your workouts. Always increase exercise intensity gradually. Rest; avoid resistance training till you get recover. Apply ice. If your pain persists longer than about 7 days or increases despite these measures, consult your physician. Try anti-inflammatory medications. Do some easy low-impact aerobic exercise till you get recover from soreness. Lift light weight in initial stages of exercise. Gently massage the affected muscles.

Bursitis	Stiffness in affected joint. A worsening of pain with movement or pressure. Swelling. Some loss of function. Pain.	Try to limit your activity of that joint. Apply ice on affected area. Consult physician for further guidance. Take anti-inflammatory (Cortisone) drugs. Avoid overuse of joints in sports or heavy labor. Take breaks when doing repetitive movements. Use cushioned chairs or protective gear for joints whenever possible. Maintain erect posture. Stretch muscle before and after physical exercise.

Dislocation Of Joint	Loss of limb function . Deformity . Swelling. Point tenderness.	Contact physician immediately. Apply ice. Keep the victim quiet; do not allow them to move the injured. Rest; DO NOT move the person unless the injured area has been completely immobilized. Check the person's blood circulation either by checking the radial pulse in the wrist or pressing firmly on the skin in the affected area.

Muscle Cramp	Sudden and sharp muscle pain, Usually, the sufferer must stop whatever activity is underway and seek relief from the cramp. Stiffness and Catch of muscle.	Stop the activity immediately. Apply gentle massage. Stretch the affected muscle by static stretch. Sometimes Quinine (300mg) is used to treat muscle cramp. However, quinine also causes birth defects and miscarriages. Increase your magnesium, potassium and calcium intake to void cramps. Drink water before during and after exercise. Avoid sudden movements. If cramp is severe, then seek medical attention.

Sciatica	Pain that radiates from your lower (lumbar) spine to your buttock and down the back of your leg is the hallmark of sciatica. The pain can vary widely, from a mild ache to a sharp, burning sensation. Unbearable or intense pain, especially on movement. Tingling or needles feeling in toes and foot.	Physiotherapy plays vital role in sciatica. Take rest and apply ice. Avoid unsupported forward flexion (bending) at hip joint. Do static stretches for lower back and hip muscles. Take anti-inflammatory drugs under physician's guidance. Do aerobic activity regularly and strengthen you lower back and abdominal muscle. Follow proper posture.

Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)	Pain that radiates from the outside of your elbow into your forearm and wrist. Pain when you extend your wrist, Elbow tenderness. A painful grip during certain activities, such as shaking hands or turning a doorknob.	Rest. Apply ICE. Take anti-inflammation drugs (aspirin, naproxen (Naprosyn*), ibuprofen). Modify the way you move your arm to avoid pain. Wear braces or straps to reduce stress on injured tissue. Consult your physician for proper treatment and physiotherapy. Slowly stretch and strengthen you elbow muscles.

Golf's Elbow ( Medial Epicondylitis)	Tenderness and pain at the medial (inner) side of elbow, The pain may spread down the forearm. Pain caused by lifting or bending the arm or grasping even light objects such as a coffee cup. Difficulty extending the forearm fully.	Rest. Apply ICE. Reduce the load on your elbow Wear braces or straps to reduce stress on injured tissue. Stretch and strengthen the affected area. Consult physiotherapist for further guidance.

Runner's Knee	Victim will feel the pain in front of knee, around the knee cap. The pain often increases when you walk up or down stairs. victim may notice a grating or grinding sensation when you extend your knee.	Rest your knee as much as possible. Avoid any activity that increases pain like climbing steps. Improve calf and hamstring muscle flexibility by stretching exercises. Improve you lower body strength. Extend warm up and cool down periods. Consult physiotherapist for alignments and techniques.

Impingement Syndrome	Difficulty reaching up behind the back, pain with overhead use of the arm and weakness of shoulder muscles	Rest and apply ice. Avoid repetitive activities with your injured arm, particularly where the elbow would move above shoulder level. Take anti-inflammatory drugs (Aspirin, Naproxen (Naprosyn*), Ibuprofen) under your doctor's guidance. Physician may recommend you ultrasound therapy. If there is still no improvement after 6 to 12 months, the doctor may perform either arthroscopic or open surgery to repair damage.